Women genitalia out-of M. fasciculata and strategies getting mating plug coupling. (A) Virgin lady genitalia during the frontal consider. (B) Men genitalia from pre-copula male, handling the feminine genitalia. (C–E) Vaginal capsule, metasomal sterna S-VIII and S-IX. (F) http://www.besthookupwebsites.org/colarspace-review Male genitalia carrying out this new coupling of connect: ventral view of vaginal pill and you may metasomal sternum S-IX projecting out of the system of male by the an excellent telescopic path. (G) Male genital pill isolated regarding male’s body, that have cock regulators triggered, gonostyli facing the exact opposite reputation regarding the original. (H) Metasomal sterna S-VIII and S-IX, in which sternum S-IX takes on the new condition in the male’s instinct. (I) Mating connect in detail, indicating this new lateral compressing away from gonocoxites. (J) The genital chamber out-of a good blocked ladies: the newest membranous part that has brand new mating plug connected.
About non-Melipona kinds (F
longipes, S. aff. Postica, and you will P. minima), we seen sturdy dick regulators that have intermediary curvature and you can a lower spatha ( Shape step one)paring the overall morphology out-of dick regulators and you can spatha of Yards. fasciculata to another learnt types, we found that one another M. flavolineata and you can Yards. seminigra has actually narrow penis valves having lower curvature. But not, M. seminigra keeps reduced regulators than simply Yards. flavolineata, and you can a more successful spatha in comparison with additional Melipona ( Shape step 1).
Malfunction of hypothesized plugging procedures
The past reputation out of mating plugs to the mated ladies coordinated new updates of one’s male’s abdomen throughout the copulation due to “J” movement and you can position not as much as female’s abdomen ( Profile 4C). In all physogastric queens from Meters. fasciculata, we noticed the newest mating plug connected to the membranous vaginal purse from the penis valves, into the spatha epidermis depending toward the feminine ventral piece, placed directly under the latest gonopore ( Contour 3J). We propose that the mating plug system is triggered if the male vaginal pill is irreversibly protruded from male’s body, which results in changed positions of your gonostyli, knob valves, and you may gonocoxites.
The new mating collection of Yards. fasciculata, predicated on a video clip listing of mating out of a related variety. From top to bottom: (A) men in flight, seeking to status in itself along side people; (B) arranged men, exhibiting sets from legs installing along the female’s body; (C) male raising the abdomen of your women; (D) male making the female immediately following profitable mating, that is, the mating connect attachment. In all pieces, male wings is actually illustrated in order to represent their direction throughout the mating, considering Second Films S1 .
The fresh mating collection of Yards. fasciculata, considering a video clip checklist away from mating out-of an associated variety. From top to bottom: (A) men in flight, trying to status in itself over the girls; (B) organized men, exhibiting pairs regarding legs fitting across the female’s human anatomy; (C) men improving the abdomen of the girls; (D) male leaving the female after winning mating, that is, the brand new mating connect attachment. In all pieces, male wings try portrayed to represent its path throughout mating, based on Additional Clips S1 .
According to research by the analysis anywhere between sleep condition regarding vaginal tablets and you will caused condition away from mating plugs, the functional morphology, and also in movies records towards the mating choices from a directly associated species ( Second Video S1 ), we suggest that creating away from mating plug occurs in 5 hypothetical procedures ( Data step three and you may cuatro):
Immediately following immobilizing the female body, the male inserts his metasomal sternum S-VIII in lady tergum T-VI, lifting they ( Shape 4C).
Because females vaginal chamber is started ( Figure 3A), a man gonostyli joins the brand new woman’s genital part. Immediately following positioning the newest sternum S-VIII, a man metasomal sternum S-IX protrudes out of the male’s body for the the brand new female’s vaginal chamber plus the genital capsule, because of the a beneficial telescopic movement ( Shape 3F). The installation regarding male vaginal supplement to the women vaginal chamber is not accompanied by this new gonostyli, hence move backward inside the procedure, remaining beyond your women vaginal chamber ( Contour 3G).